trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euroSupreme Court Decision 2011Da110685 Decided October 24, 2013 about Confirmation of Membership Qualification

Main Issues and Holdings

[1] Legal nature of a dong/ri Office organized inside trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro dong/ri administrative division and conditions to regard a dong/ri office as an association accepting only specific residents as its members

[2] As for trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro question whether “Myeongchon-ri Sang-ri Saemaeul Club” is an organization made of specific residents, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Court held that this organization is a traditional residential community organized by village residents, in light of surrounding circumstances

Summary of Decision

[1] Dong and ri offices are permanent associations organized inside trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro dong and ri administrative divisions. Except under unusual circumstances, all residents of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro relevant area are members, and a person who moves into trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro division becomes a resident and member of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro dongㆍri office automatically, and a resident loses trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro qualifications to be a member once he/she moves to another area. In order to find otherwise that a dongㆍri office is an organization for specific members, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following must to proven: that at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro time trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro office acquired its property, it had a certain organic structure to exist as an association without legal personality together with trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro process or details behind trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro ownership of property in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro office’s name.

[2] In a case where trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro issue was whether “Myeongchon-ri Sang-ri Saemaeul Club” is an organization made of specific residents, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro court held that in light of surrounding circumstances such as trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forestland’s previous ownership and use, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro above association is a traditional residential community organized by village residents, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro judgment below was erroneous for misapprehending trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro legal principles on residential communities and unincorporated associations.

Reference Provision [1] Article 31 of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Civil Act / [2] Article 31 of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Civil Act

Article 31 of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Civil Act (Rule to Formation of Juristic Person) No juristic person can come into existence other than in accordance with trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro provisions of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Acts.

Reference Cases [1] Supreme Court Decision 2010Da75723, Oct. 25, 2012 (Gong2012Ha, 1907), Supreme Court Decision 2008Da71469, Jan. 30, 2009

Plaintiff-Appellant Plaintiff 1 and 5 others (Law Firm Taehwa, Counsel for plaintiff-appellant)

Defendant-Appellee Myeongchon-ri Sang-ri Saemaeul Club (Law Firm Cheong-ryul, Attorneys Chang Hee-seok, et al., Counsel for defendant-appellee)

Judgment of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro court below Busan High Court Decision 2010Na12739 decided November 29, 2011

Disposition trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro judgment below is reversed, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro case is remanded to Busan High Court.

Reasoning trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro grounds of appeal are examined.

1. Dong (neighborhood) and ri (village) offices are permanent associations organized inside trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro administrative divisions dong and ri. All residents of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro relevant districts are members, and a person who moves into trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro district automatically becomes a resident and member of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro dongㆍri office, and a resident loses trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro qualifications to be a member once he/she moves to another area. In order to find that a dongㆍri office is an organization for specific members, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following must to proven:

that trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro office existed as an association which is not a juristic person, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro process or details behind trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro ownership of property in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro office’s name (see Supreme Court Decisions 2008Da71469, Jan. 30, 2009; 2010Da75723, Oct. 25, 2012, etc.).

Meanwhile, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro existence of de facto custom must be alleged and proven by trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro relevant party (see Supreme Court Decision 80Da3231, Jun. 14, 1993, etc.).

2. According to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro reasoning and records of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro judgment below, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following facts can be acknowledged.

A. Myeongchon-ri at Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan has 1 village chief, but is made of two naturally occurring communities named Myeongchon village (Sang-ri) and Sagwang (Ha-ri) village.

On Jun 17, 1985, Defendant completed ownership transfer registration for trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest of this case, in accordance with trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Act on Special Measures for Registration, etc. of Transfer of Real Estates Ownership. On Jun 13, 1994, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro “Myeongchon-ri Saemaeul Club” completed trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro aforementioned registration for trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro 56㎡ etc. land at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro village hall in Myeongchon-ri Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan (lot No. 1 omitted). On Jul. 12, 1994, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro “Sagwang Community Saemaeul Club,” organized of Sagwang village residents, completed trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro same registration for trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro 41,554㎡ forest land at Dungeok-ri, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan (lot No. 2 omitted).

B. On Feb. 30, 1918, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Forest Survey Project adjudicated Myeongchon village resident Nonparty 1 et al. as trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro owner of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forestland of this case, then later, ownership preservation and ownership transfer registration occurred under trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro name of Nonparty 2, another local resident. Yet during this process, none of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro named owners claimed personal ownership, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest was used by all residents for collecting firewood and as gravesites.

C. At its general assembly meeting on Aug. 10, 1984, Defendant unanimously agreed to register trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest of this land under trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Samaeul Club whose representative is village resident Nonparty 3, in order to prevent potential disputes caused by registering trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest under an individual. According to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro minutes written at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro meeting (hereinafter “minutes of this case”), “26 out of 35 community residents attended trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro meeting,” and included trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro name of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro 26 attendees at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro end.

D. On 2004, Ulju-gun announced trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro plan to construct a tourism complex on trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest of this case. On Defendant’s Jul. 23, 2005 general meeting, Defendant began trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro project of selling trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest of this case by taking measures such as selecting 7 “Steering Committee for trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Selling of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Hill”including Plaintiff 6, Nonparty 4, and Nonparty 5. Accordingly, disputes over membership qualifications occurred between Myeongchon village residents due to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro issue of dividing trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro sale proceeds.

E. To solve this problem, Defendant acquired “Articles of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Myeongchon-ri Samaeul Club”which used trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro same organization name with Defendants (Defendant changed its name to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro present name on Jan. 21, 2006 in order to avoid confusion with “Myeongchon-ri Samaeul Club”). According to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Articles, members are those who have registered as Myeongchon-ri residents and presently live in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro community (Articles 4 and 5), and one loses membership qualifications when he/she moves to another area or transfers their residency registration to another area (Article 6).

F. Based on trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro premise that trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro above Articles are Defendant’s own Articles, Defendant held a general meeting on Aug. 24, 2005 while excluding Plaintiff 6, Nonparty 4, and Nonparty 5, who were chosen as Steering Committee members but who reported address transference to another area at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro time. At trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro meeting, Defendant agreed to amend trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro aforementioned Article 5 to include “a person who moved from another area has no rights over any property that belongs to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Saemaeul Club.”

G. Afterwards, Defendant held general meetings attended only by specific residents whom it considers to qualify as members. At trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Jan. 21, 2006 meeting, Defendant amended trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Article to include trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following: full membership is limited to “a householder residing in Myeongchon village whose household lived in Myeongchon village for over 30 years including their lineal ascendant (Article 6),” remaining local householders who satisfy certain conditions such as registration for address transference are associate members (Article 7), only full members have trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro right to vote for an election, eligibility to run for election, and right to vote at meetings (Article 9), and associate members may have a maximum of 70% right of share over Defendant’s property (Article 19). On trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Jun 18, 2009 general meeting, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following articles were enacted: “qualification for membership is acknowledged to householders residing in Myeongchon village who is recorded in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro minutes of this case, and who have continuously lived in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro village; trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro member automatically loses membership qualification upon death or transference to another area, but membership is acknowledged if his/her spouse or direct descendant moves in to Myeongchon village within 6 months following trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro death or transference (Articles 5 and 6).”

H. Meanwhile, Plaintiffs have moved to and lived in Myeongchon village at least before Nov. 25, 2005, but are denied membership status by Defendant.

3. trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro aforementioned facts are examined in light of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro above legal principles.

It is sufficient to perceive that Defendant is a traditional community organized of Myeongchon village residents, in light of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro following: trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro previous ownership and utilization of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro forest of this case; trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro contents of trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro minutes of this case; in particular, when trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro minutes of this case was written, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro number of householders who are registered residents in Myeonchon village and actually live in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro village seems to be no more than 35, while Defendant alleged that Defendant is not a simple naturally occurring community, but a specific community made of householders whose membership was acknowledged in accordance with Defendant’s alleged custom (Previously, when a Myeonchon village native moves out of his/her household, he/she can acquire membership only by inviting Defendant’s members to a party and under all members’ unanimous decision. trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro person loses membership upon leaving trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro village.), yet is unable to clarify trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro remaining 9 members aside from trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro 26 members who attended trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro meeting; it is difficult to perceive that Defendant’s alleged custom was reflected in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro association’s Article; considerable differences exist within trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro association articles as well; it appears another resident other than trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro village chief was chosen to represent Defendant, as trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro Myeongchon-ri village chief represents Myeongchon village and Sagwang village, while Defendant is only organized of Myeongchon village residents, and etc.

Yet trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro court below determined differently. Citing trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro circumstances in its ruling, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro court below determined that Defendant is not a naturally occurring village community in which any Myeongchon village resident may be a members and whose members change due to transference, etc. of residents, but an association which existed according to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro above custom, then became a specific community organized of householders from 35 households who qualify as members at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro time Defendant’s ownership transfer registration of its real estate was completed. This judgment below was erroneous for affecting trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro judgment by misapprehending trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro legal principles on residential communities and unincorporated associations, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro allegation in trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro grounds of appeal which identify this error is with merit.

4. Conclusion

Therefore, trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro judgment below is reversed, and trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro case is remanded to trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro court below for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. It is decided as per Disposition at trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay euro assent of all participating Justices.

Justices  Park Byoung-dae (Presiding Justice)

Yang Chang-soo

Ko Young-han

Kim Chang-suk (Justice in charge)