Legal representative xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái a legal entity in criminal proceedings in Vietnam

Rights and obligations xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái legal representatives in Vietnam

Article 431 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015 specifies the scope xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái application xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal procedural law for legal entities: "Procedural requirements for legal entities being accused, informed xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái crimes, filing complaints, being investigated, prosecuted, tried, and enforced shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái this Chapter, as well as other provisions xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái this Code that are not contrary to the provisions xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái this Chapter."

As the subject xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal procedural law, legal entities have the right and obligation to fully participate in the stages xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal proceedings as stipulated in Article 434 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code: "All procedural activities xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái legal entities held accountable for criminal liability shall be conducted through legal representatives xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the legal entities. Legal entities must appoint and ensure the full participation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái their legal representatives in the initiation, investigation, prosecution, trial, and enforcement activities as required by competent authorities.

In cases where the legal representative xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái a legal entity is under investigation, prosecution, trial, or unable to participate in the proceedings, the legal entity must appoint another person as its legal representative to participate in the proceedings. In the event xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái a change in the legal representative, the legal entity must promptly notify the relevant authority conducting the proceedings.

At the time xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái initiation, investigation, prosecution, or trial, if the legal entity does not have a legal representative or has multiple legal representatives, the competent authority conducting the proceedings shall designate one legal representative for the legal entity to participate in the proceedings."

The legal representatives xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái legal entities participating in criminal proceedings are governed by specific rights and obligations as stipulated in Article 435 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015. In other words, legal entities held accountable for criminal liability also have the same rights and obligations in criminal proceedings as the accused individuals. These rights and obligations are carried out through their legal representatives.

Clause 2 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái Article 13 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái theEnterprise Law 2014stipulates: "A limited liability company and a joint-stock company may have one or more legal representatives. The company's charter specifies the specific number, management titles, and rights and obligations xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the legal representative(s) xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the enterprise."

Therefore, commercial legal entities may have multiple legal representatives. The Criminal Procedure Code 2015 has stipulated that in cases where a legal entity has multiple legal representatives, "the competent authority conducting the proceedings shall designate one legal representative for the legal entity to participate in the proceedings" (Clause 1 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái Article 434 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015). This provision is consistent with the Enterprise Law 2014.

To prevent corporate crime from going unpunished, Clause 2 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái Article 75 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái thexem bóng đá trựcstipulates: The criminal liability xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái a commercial legal entity does not exclude the criminal liability xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái individuals. Therefore, in cases where the commission xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái a crime by a legal entity is proven to involve specific individuals, these individuals must also bear criminal liability for the crimes they have committed.

Determination xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the charges that commercial legal entities commit in Vietnam

Articles 432 and 433 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015 regulate the initiation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal cases and the initiation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái proceedings against legal entities, based on the provisions regarding the initiation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal cases and the initiation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái proceedings against individuals who commit specific crimes. Articles 436 to 439 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015 provide for some coercive measures to be applied to legal entities that commit crimes in order to ensure the normal conduct xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái investigation, prosecution, trial, and enforcement, such as: seizing assets related to the criminal acts xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the legal entity; sealing the accounts xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the legal entity related to its criminal acts; temporarily suspending the activities xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the legal entity related to its criminal acts; compelling the legal entity to deposit a sum xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái money to ensure the enforcement xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the judgment" (Article 436 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015).

One xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the issues considered when regulating legal entities as subjects xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal procedural law is the proof xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái important elements to determine the charges against legal entities, including the elements xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the criminal act, fault, consequences, and causal relationship between the act and the consequences, just as with individual perpetrators.

Article 441 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái thevtv2 trực tiếp bóng đá hôm naystates:"1. The existence xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal acts, time, location and other particulars xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal acts that fall into the juridical person's criminal liabilities as per the Penal Code. Errors committed by the juridical person or personnel xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the juridical person. Nature and degree xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái damage caused by the juridical person’s criminal acts.Factors aggravating and mitigating criminal liabilities and other facts related to exemption xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái punishments. Reasons and conditions that lead to crimes."

Article 444 xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Criminal Procedure Code 2015 regulates the jurisdiction xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the Court, according to which the Court has jurisdiction to adjudicate legal entities, as the Court stipulated is the Court where the legal entity commits the crime. In cases where the crime is committed in multiple different places, the Court that has jurisdiction is the Court where the legal entity has its headquarters or where its branch commits the crime.

According to experts, the enforcement xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái criminal liability against commercial legal entities is a new issue. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully determine the charges that commercial legal entities commit, with appropriate steps based on the evaluation xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái the nature, degree xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái danger, and prevalence xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái violations in practice, in order to regulate them in the Criminal Law to handle criminal acts. The criminal liability xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái legal entities does not exclude individual criminal liability. Therefore, in the process xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái resolving criminal cases, it is necessary to clarify the circumstances and criminal acts xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái individuals or legal entities (if any). In the event that the legal entity makes a decision or instructs individuals to commit criminal acts, both the individual and the legal entity should be held criminally liable for the crimes they have committed. Thus, the handling xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái crimes should be comprehensive and thorough, avoiding the escape xem bóng đá trực tiếp nhà cái crimes and the individuals and legal entities who commit them.

Source: "Báo Công lý" (Justice Newspaper)

Key word: legal entity | in Vietnam | Vietnam | legal representative |

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