trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay bạch hầu là gì? Dấu hiệu và cách phòng tránh trực tiếp bóng đá hôm nay bạch hầu theo hướng dẫn của Bộ Y tế?
What is diphtheria?
Pursuant to Section 1 of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diphtheria issued together with Decision 2957/QD-BYT of 2020, bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp guidelines are as follows:
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Diphtheria is an infectious-toxic disease transmitted via bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp respiratory route and has bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp potential to cause epidemics. It is caused by bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae (also known as Klebs-Loeffler bacillus). bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp disease commonly affects children under 15 years old and individuals who lack immunity to diphtheria due to insufficient vaccination. bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp bacteria often localize and damage bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, larynx), forming firm, adhesive pseudo-membranes that are difficult to peel, thereby producing toxins that cause systemic intoxication (affecting bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp heart, kidneys, and nerves) leading to a high risk of death due to airway obstruction and myocarditis. bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp disease has specific treatment drugs, including antibiotics and diphtheria antitoxin (SAD), and can be prevented by vaccination.
Therefore, diphtheria is an infectious-toxic disease transmitted via bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp respiratory route and has bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp potential to cause epidemics. It is caused by bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae (also known as Klebs-Loeffler bacillus).
bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp disease commonly affects children under 15 years old and individuals who lack immunity to diphtheria due to insufficient vaccination.
bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp bacteria often localize and damage bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, larynx), forming firm, adhesive pseudo-membranes that are difficult to peel, thereby producing toxins that cause systemic intoxication (affecting bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp heart, kidneys, and nerves) leading to a high risk of death due to airway obstruction and myocarditis.
bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp disease has specific treatment drugs, including antibiotics and diphtheria antitoxin (SAD), and can be prevented by vaccination.
What is diphtheria? Signs and prevention methods as guided by bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Ministry of Health? (Image from bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Internet)
How does bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Ministry of Health guide diphtheria prevention?
Pursuant to Section 7 of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diphtheria issued together with Decision 2957/QD-BYT of 2020, bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp guidelines for diphtheria prevention are as follows:
- All suspected diphtheria patients must be hospitalized for isolation until two negative bacterial test results are obtained. Each sample should be taken 24 hours apart and not more than 24 hours after antibiotic treatment. If testing conditions are unavailable, patients must be isolated for 14 days after antibiotic treatment.
- Wash hands properly with soap or disinfectant solution.
- bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp patient's residence, room equipment, utensils, and clothing must be disinfected and sanitized.
- Diphtheria vaccination: In bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp national expanded immunization program, use multi-component vaccines: diphtheria - pertussis - tetanus for children. Start vaccination at 2-3 months old, administer 2 doses, each 1ml, 1 month apart. Repeat annually for up to 5 years.
- For contacts: Test for bacteria and monitor for 7 days.
+ Administer a single dose of benzathine penicillin (for children ≤ 5 years old: 600,000 units; for children 5 years old: 1,200,000 units).
+ Or take Erythromycin (children 40mg/kg/day, 10mg/dose every 6 hours) for 7 days. Adults 1g/day, 250mg/dose every 6 hours.
+ Or Azithromycin: children 10-12mg/kg once/day, maximum 500mg/day for 7 days. Adults: 500mg/day for 7 days.
How does bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Ministry of Health guide diphtheria prevention?
Pursuant to Section 7 of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diphtheria issued together with Decision 2957/QD-BYT of 2020, bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp guidelines for diphtheria prevention are as follows:
- All suspected diphtheria patients must be hospitalized for isolation until two negative bacterial test results are obtained. Each sample should be taken 24 hours apart and not more than 24 hours after antibiotic treatment. If testing conditions are unavailable, patients must be isolated for 14 days after antibiotic treatment.
- Wash hands properly with soap or disinfectant solution.
- bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp patient's residence, room equipment, utensils, and clothing must be disinfected and sanitized.
- Diphtheria vaccination: In bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp national expanded immunization program, use multi-component vaccines: diphtheria - pertussis - tetanus for children. Start vaccination at 2-3 months old, administer 2 doses, each 1ml, 1 month apart. Repeat annually for up to 5 years.
- For contacts: Test for bacteria and monitor for 7 days.
+ Administer a single dose of benzathine penicillin (for children ≤ 5 years old: 600,000 units; for children 5 years old: 1,200,000 units).
+ Or take Erythromycin (children 40mg/kg/day, 10mg/dose every 6 hours) for 7 days. Adults 1g/day, 250mg/dose every 6 hours.
+ Or Azithromycin: children 10-12mg/kg once/day, maximum 500mg/day for 7 days. Adults: 500mg/day for 7 days.
What are bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp signs of diphtheria as guided by bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Ministry of Health?
Pursuant to Section 3 of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diphtheria issued together with Decision 2957/QD-BYT of 2020, bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp signs of diphtheria are as follows:
[1] Pharyngeal diphtheria
- Incubation period: 2-5 days without clinical symptoms.
- Initial period:
+ bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp patient usually has a fever of 37.5-38°C, sore throat, discomfort, fatigue, poor appetite, slightly pale skin, and a runny nose that may contain blood.
+ Throat examination: Slightly red throat, tonsils have white patches of pseudo-membrane on one side. Small, movable, non-painful cervical lymph nodes can be felt.
- Full-blown period: On bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp 2nd-3rd day of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp illness.
+ General: bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp patient has a fever of 38-38.5°C, painful swallowing, pale skin, severe fatigue, poor appetite, rapid pulse, slight hypotension.
+ Throat examination: Pseudo-membrane spreading on one side or both tonsils; in severe cases, bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp pseudo-membrane covers bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp uvula and soft palate. Initially, it is ivory-white, then turns slightly yellow, adheres tightly to bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp mucosa, causing bleeding when peeled off; if peeled off, it grows back quickly within a few hours; bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp pseudo-membrane is tough, non-dissolvable in water, with normal mucosa around it.
+ Swollen, painful lymph nodes at bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp angle of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp jaw. bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp patient has a significant runny nose, with white or pus-mixed discharge.
[2] Malignant diphtheria
- Can appear early, within bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp first 3-7 days of bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp illness.
- Severe toxic-infectious condition with a high fever of 39-40°C, widespread pseudo-membrane over bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp throat and mouth.
- Severely swollen cervical lymph nodes causing neck swelling, and early complications such as myocarditis, kidney failure, and nerve damage.
[3] Laryngeal diphtheria
- Rarely seen as isolated laryngeal diphtheria, usually part of pharyngeal-laryngeal diphtheria.
- bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp clinical picture includes acute laryngitis (barking cough, hoarse voice, slow inhalation with a stridor) that leads to asphyxiation in bóng đá hôm nay trực tiếp late stage.
